The strangeness of much of African literature (early impressions)

One of the common elements of African literature is that it tends to flow forth emotionally quite readily, and with a relatively free form. If you can position yourself in the place of the protagonist, you will be invited to laugh at yourself and others. You mustn't see the protagonist as someone apart from you, but rather as someone just like you. Only then can you laugh at their misfortunes and smile with them at their pleasures. African literature is intimate -- although it may not always be seen to be, because of its relatively foreign form (as compared to the genres of western literature, which provide us with the fruits of certain standard expectations).

If, as a reader, you are unable to flow with the main character and his problems, taking the good along with the bad, you will probably not be able to fully appreciate African literature.

What is different about African literature as compared to western literature, especially of the non-fiction variety, is that there is a certain expectation that the reader should come along for the journey without being overly anxious that the authorial voice is of good moral standing. Self-reflexive preening of the individual self is much more of a western concern. It might be for this reason that African literature appears to be more amenable to an interpretation of an
epistemological concern rather than of a moral concern.

Free flow: One flows from one situation to another, each with its own mystery or dilemma for the character concerned. Westerners often have trouble with this openness of an epistemological arena, as they tend to be stumped and arrested by various moral concerns along the way. For those preoccupied with moral concerns, the typical African narrative raised more questions than it answers, and thus a sense of the narrative's flow is hindered.

To the African consciousness, on the other hand (and I speak also of my own), the self is always something hidden and in search of self-discovery. For the archetypical Western reader, the self is known positivistically, through its behaviour and words or reflections. For the African onsciousness, the self may just as well be hidden from itself as well as from others on the basis of such self-reflections or behavioural manifestations.

For myself, as an African -- or one who has lived in Africa, and been conditioned by its environs -- the western mode of acting and being (which is reflected profoundly in the western mode of reading and understanding) is far self conscious and circumspect for any spirited sense of flow through one situation into another. In the West, "blue collar" personages seem to manage best to exude something of this typical African sensibility -- but once you reach the so-called "middle classes, this sense of joie de vivre is much more circumspect and contained. So, is the narrative sense of flow, as it pertains to personal living patterns; how they day is broken up, divided into categorically-defined objectives, whereby one event occurring is not likely to directly link on to another: I refer to how life in the west is normatively, actually experienced.

The African mind-set in me is impatient with the middle class westerner -- not always but quite often.

Befriending many a westerner is often a frustrating process: Not least, because it is as if you had invited them to walk with you. They start, and you walk on, only to notice, as you casually look back, that leg irons have stumped them. They have walked only so far with you, a few steps, only to find that their continuation has been restricted by the post to which their chains are
tied. They have to stop. Circumspection catches them. The do want motion -- only they'd prefer it circumscribed by genre, limited to arguing a moral discourse, engaged less with the phenomenology of living, and more with an approach to higher social consciousness. The need to establish prior moral and social consensus before setting off is always on the agenda for the western thinker. For my African mind, the meaning of African literature is to provide an adventure, with not fixed direction. One can and should embark as one who is already a friend.


Or failing this, one will remain just where one is, just seated.

8 comments:

Mike B) said...

toyin falola's memoir is a good example of this.

Hattie said...

How does this relate to the picaresque?
I am not well versed in African literature, but I do think of Gordimer's "A Sport of Nature" as the story of a woman who has "gone African."It is not a picaresque narrative but rather that of a woman who lives out her principles in the deepest way.

Unsane said...

I'll have to think about the correlates with the picaresque. I suspect that the individual in African memoir writing is less self-consciously clever than the individual in picaresque writing may be, because of the collectivist nature of the mindset. So, there is less of a sense of needing to prove one's prowess as an individual per se. There is more of a delight in the chaotic curved balls that life throws one.

Here is an extract from Lloyd Matowe's novel, (which is preceded by a long section of text describing the importance of learning English and of education in general):

In my class, during that first year in school, four children from one family did all the reading, poetry and singing for the class. These kids had parents who worked in Salisbury and were always smartly dressed, in well-ironed clean school uniforms. The teacher sang their praises day in day out. I do not remember receiving any personal praise from the teacher but I remember sitting on group one, which was reserved for the six brightest children in the class. I also remember singing to Mbuya and Wonder some of the songs that we learnt. The song I enjoyed the most was ‘If ya happy endno.’

If ya happy endno clap yo hands
If ya happy endno clap yo hands
If ya happy endno, then yo first show-ri-show,
If ya happy endno clap yo hands“

If ya happy endno nod yo head
If ya happy endno nod yo head
If ya happy endno, then yo first show-ri-show,
If ya happy endno nod yo head

If ya happy endno stemb yo foot
If ya happy endno stemb yo foot
If ya happy endno, then yo first show-ri-show
If ya happy endno clap stemb yo foot.

The end of the year came after what seemed like a decade. I guess time is almost stationary when one is young. On the final day of the school year, we sat in the school church, which doubled as a hall for most school activities. Top ten positions in each class, from grade one through six would be announced to the whole school on this last day. The whole school gathered in the church to cheer those who had done well in their respective grades. In the morning of the closing day Wonder asked me if I thought I had done well. I said I didn’t know. The teacher had not told us our marks or positions. Wonder said he would come for the closing ceremony anyway.

Unsane said...

Actually, I think that much of the humour in African story telling which concerns oneself is made up of a kind of self-deprecating schadenfreude (directed at oneself).

Unsane said...

I have a suspicion that westerners, as a rule, would tend not to laugh so much at this kind of self-deprecating humour exhibited above in Matowe's writing.

The reason being that the western individual is a more fragile entity than is the African "self". The western individual is fraught with the psychological need for self-reliance -- so any self mockery like this African sort would serve only to undermine and render the individual pathetic in his own eyes and the eyes of others. Yet, in African consciousness, there is always room for mockery and humour, just because the community not "the individual" per se, is the standard unit of identification.

If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands (clap clap)
If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands (clap clap)
If you're happy and you know it, then your face will surely show it
If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands. (clap clap)

If you're happy and you know it, stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you're happy and you know it, stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you're happy and you know it, then your face will surely show it
If you're happy and you know it, stomp your feet. (stomp stomp)

If you're happy and you know it, shout "Hurray!" (hoo-ray!)
If you're happy and you know it, shout "Hurray!" (hoo-ray!)
If you're happy and you know it, then your face will surely show it
If you're happy and you know it, shout "Hurray!" (hoo-ray!)

If you're happy and you know it, do all three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you're happy and you know it, do all three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you're happy and you know it, then your face will surely show it
If you're happy and you know it, do all three. (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)

Holly said...

Unsane--a year or so ago I taught a course on global literture, and my favorite works were African. I want to include new/more, but I'm overwhelmed when I start looking at texts. Could you recommend, say, five recent novels or memoirs you think are of primary value?

Unsane said...

Holly, I just enrolled for my PhD on Monday this week, so apart from a certain amount of preliminary research, and the fact that I was born in Africa and spent the first 16 years of my life there, I can't presently speak authoritatively about African texts. I'd love to talk to you more about your impressions of African literature, however.

I'm presently editing a fictional autobiography called The Garden of Eden, which I think is going to be a very exciting book on the African experience home and abroad, especially as it explores the interface between premodernist and western cultures, in a humorous and intelligent fashion.

I'm hoping to get Wole Soyinka's recent memoir, soon. I expect it will be very interesting.

I think that Toyin Falola's memoir, A Mouth Sweeter than Salt, constructs a very interesting view of the African mind-set, particularly that of the Yoruba (of Nigeria).

From here to district six is of passing interest, as a very fraught South African memoir by a very marginalised mixed-race homosexual.

My own writing is of interest -- primarily to me, I suspect -- as it portrays the void between the more agrarian African psychological construction of the world and that of the compartmentalised individuality of western industrialism.

Chinua Achebe's Things fall apart is already very well known, so I might be inclined to shy away from this, when I do my thesis.

I'm trying to get hold of some oral histories, too. I haven't been able to acquire them just yet.

Holly said...

Thanks for these titles, Unsane. My area of specialty is nonfiction memoir, so I'm especially intrigued by A Mouth Sweeter than Salt and From here to district six. I'll definitely check them out.