1. For Lacan, everybody is sick, without exception.    You are either a neurotic or a psychotic or a pervert.   To conform to the system means to adopt an impersonal identity -- but nobody can do this completely, without making themselves mentally ill.  Hence, we are all emotionally unsound and poor conformists. Bataille is a more complex version of Lacan, since whatever Lacan states in cynical, psychoanalytic terms, Bataille states in Nietzschean, paradoxical terms.

    Bataille's conception of sacrifice makes clear his own view of the overwrought nature of the human condition -- at least as he and Lacan experienced it in 20th Century France.  Conforming is always a concession to impersonality, in both Bataille and Lacan.   Conforming preserves the bourgeois person.    The cost is impersonality; the benefit is preservation of oneself via creature comforts, bourgeois status and (impersonal) identity.   The practical opposite to this norm of bourgeois conformity is personal self-actualisation.    Herein is the Nietzschean paradox (and it also depicts what I call "intellectual shamanism").   To self-actualize is to give up the benefits of self-preservation:
    I love him who reserveth no share of spirit for himself, but wanteth to be wholly the spirit of his virtue: thus walketh he as spirit over the bridge.  (Nietzsche)
    Bataille takes up a Nietzschean perspective when he associates self-actualization with sacrifice.   He is also Freudian (and was used by Lacan to develop his perspectives), for he views sacrifice in terms of psychological deviance, on the basis of one's circumstances being untenable (the need to represent impersonality in the workplace leads to an opposite, reactive attitude, once one has time to oneself).   In his essay in book form, Theory of Religion,  Bataille portrays the worker in a state of destructive reverie.   Bourgeois form and sobriety are sacrificed to despair.   This structurally determined polarization of the worker's consciousness is between the profane (one's experience of work) and the sacred (one's experience of free time,   expressed as a frenzy of destructiveness.)  Free time and money to spend purely to satisfy one's appetites are the worker's accursed share.

    The Freudian influence on Bataille renders this reading of the worker and his behavior as pathological -- although, like Lacan thought, necessarily so.   Civilization is not experienced by organic and instinctively driven human beings as a natural condition, thus it necessarily produces its discontents.   Bataille's point is that society structures the psyche of the worker in terms of polarizing his consciousness, so that it swings between conformity and destructiveness.   Bataille's views are also Marxist.

    Nietzsche's views are not at all Marxist in any way.  He expresses his views in terms of evolutionary proposals.   He expresses his ideas in terms of Darwinism.
    What is great in man is that he is a bridge and not a goal: what is lovable in man is that he is an OVER-GOING and a DOWN-GOING.
    This is a tragic view of the world -- that in order for humanity to make progress beyond its apelike origins, many who aspire to do something great will fall along the way and not meet their goals.  Their failures, however, are necessary, because they offer the basis for others to learn and thus succeed.

    Thus for Nietzsche, sacrifice for the benefit of humanity is achieved by those who attempt -- (and perhaps fail) -- to self-actualize, for instance, the young soldier lost in war:  a "down-going" is also an "over-going".  A failure to do all that one had wanted to is nonetheless also transcendence of  humanity's existing ape-like condition.  One advances human evolution through one's attempts.   One sacrifices oneself to the future of humanity, rather than sacrificing the future of humanity to one's self.
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  3. 4.
    Zarathustra, however, looked at the people and wondered. Then he spake thus:
    Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman--a rope over an abyss.
    A dangerous crossing, a dangerous wayfaring, a dangerous looking-back, a dangerous trembling and halting.
    What is great in man is that he is a bridge and not a goal: what is lovable in man is that he is an OVER-GOING and a DOWN-GOING.
    I love those that know not how to live except as down-goers, for they are the over-goers.
    I love the great despisers, because they are the great adorers, and arrows of longing for the other shore.
    I love those who do not first seek a reason beyond the stars for going down and being sacrifices, but sacrifice themselves to the earth, that the earth of the Superman may hereafter arrive.
    I love him who liveth in order to know, and seeketh to know in order that the Superman may hereafter live. Thus seeketh he his own down-going.
    I love him who laboureth and inventeth, that he may build the house for the Superman, and prepare for him earth, animal, and plant: for thus seeketh he his own down-going.
    I love him who loveth his virtue: for virtue is the will to down-going, and an arrow of longing.
    I love him who reserveth no share of spirit for himself, but wanteth to be wholly the spirit of his virtue: thus walketh he as spirit over the bridge.
    I love him who maketh his virtue his inclination and destiny: thus, for the sake of his virtue, he is willing to live on, or live no more.
    I love him who desireth not too many virtues. One virtue is more of a virtue than two, because it is more of a knot for one's destiny to cling to.
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  4. THE ALLEY

    Object relations psychoanalysis teaches us that as humans we keep many of the intra-psychological devices concerned with ego self-regulation, from our early childhood. As adults we defend our place within society by projecting, for instance, the qualities of masterliness upwards within a hierarchy, so as if to perceive our social context as if our own superior qualities were emanating from elsewhere, from those in the strata of social hierarchy above us. (Menzies Lyth). Likewise, to adapt to the logic of a pre-existing social hierarchy, we may be inclined to project onto those in the social strata below us our negative psychological qualities, being those we find less desirable in ourselves – in the terms of Menzies Lyth, we project downwards our incompetence.

    To project upwards or downwards our emotional needs can end up with us losing touch with those particular elements. Along with the infantile but nonetheless adaptive tactic of projection, is the splitting of the self, so that parts of the self are acknowledged as being “really me”, because others are dissociated from, as being “other”.  The loss of parts of oneself – whether that be in the form of the sense of ones competency or the sense of one’s human fallibility (as the loss of the sense of this is also a loss in terms of self-understanding) comes under the contemporary or “new age” shamanistic rubric as “soul loss”. The restoration of the “soul” – that is, of one’s true self, existing in a form that isn’t compromised by social and political necessities – is the key to shamanistic healing. It is not just the person who is restored and made whole by virtue of “soul retrieval” [term: Ingerman]. Society as a whole needs restoration from the states produced by primeval splitting, to move from stress-related (pathological) modes of coping towards a healthier model of relating within the social whole.

    “The Alley” is a play that deals with this issue of societal and personal healing, through an encounter with the split-off aspects of the self. The play examines the traumatic legacy of post-war Zimbabwe (post the second Chimurenga that ended in 1980). Marechera is keen to show how the dissociation from the past (and from aspects of one’s self), in post war Zimbabwe, leads to a mode of forgetfulness that is the forgetting of the self. In such a condition, one goes through life without the sense of who one really is, or how one got there. One needs to face the trauma of the past to affect “soul retrieval” – that is, in order to become who one is, again.

    In “The Alley”, a black and white tramp struggle with their tendencies to forget, as they fraternize in the streets of Harare, unable to recognise the cause of their demise. They had both fought in the war of liberation on opposite sides, and they had both had the privileged status of career lawyers, before making their descent into the grey mists of fugue and loss of social status, entailed in living the hobo lifestyle. Marechera borrows from Beckett – in particular from “Waiting for Godot” – in his idea of exploring the life of tramps through an aesthetic and conceptual lens of forgetfulness. His approach involves more of a psychological and political study of post-war Zimbabwe, however, and not being concerned with an existential statement of the human condition, which is how Beckett has generally been read.

    The complication that Marechera introduces in “The Alley” is the question of gender and how that impacts on how trauma and recovery are experienced. Whereas Beckett also subtly implies a gendered aspect to his play in naming one of his male tramps Estragon (which sounds like estrogen), Marechera takes the issue of gender further, in order to show that post-war trauma in his contemporary Zimbabwe of the eighties, had a distinctly gendered quality. His mode of writing is both slapstick – Cecil Rhodes is introduced as “Cecilia” – and tear-jerking. This tragicomic mode is designed to break down the current ego-defences of the audience, with their current stress-based and probably pathological adaptations to the social world. It is designed to guide us, through laughter and tears, to see the real tragedy of those whose lives and potential were sacrificed during the bush war. 

    Only then, upon recognition of what was sacrificed and lost, can a real restoration of the soul begin to take place. As is common in Marechera’s writing, the aesthetics of the play are based upon the tacit psychological understanding that others often join with the “other” that is really a part of myself, and not something entirely separate from me. Just as we might be inclined to socially eschew the other for being black or of the wrong gender, so we are also socially invested in maintaining the normal state of affairs that keeps others at a hierarchical distance as the psychologically dissociated aspects of oneself. To be compelled to know the other, through tears and laughter, is to come to know the socially alienated aspects of one’s self – the aspects denied when one adapts to a social role, within what is normal in society: a social hierarchy.
    Marechera’s work shows to us the link between psychological self-alienation and societies that are organised by political and social hierarchies. The cost we pay for the latter is in terms of the former. In terms of the patriarchal and socially conservative society that was post-war Zimbabwe (and as it still is to a very large degree), Marechera’s exploration of the gendered base of traumatic dissociation is very radical indeed. Marechera shows that Rhodesia, on the sides of both black and white cultures, has had a patriarchal history, and leaves a patriarchal legacy to those in the present. To fully heal, society has to face that which it has dissociated from – which is hidden behind “the wall” of consciousness, in the unconscious or semi-conscious parts of the mind. Marechera points out that where the black and white men fought each other like “dogs in heat” ( p 46) , redirecting their erotic impulses towards aggression, those who really paid the emotional cost of the war were women – specifically the daughter and sister of the black and white men (who are represented by the two tramps).

    The traumatic spectre that hides behind the wall is the damage done by this excessive “sexual” self-indulgence of the bush war to the women whom the men had no doubt sworn to protect. Rhodes – the black tramp – has been given slightly greater authority by author in terms of the moral ground for fighting for his liberation. It is he who introduces his “other” – the white tramp, Robin – to the spectre of his sister, Cecilia, who was raped and murdered by the Rhodesian forces, and now abides behind “the wall” of consciousness.
    RHODES: Your daughter, Judy, is right there with her. I can see them. They are kissing.
    Robin’s daughter, in turns out, was also a victim of the war, raped and murdered by the black “comrades”. Only when the brick wall in the alley is struck, with determination to know what is behind it, does it give us these traumatic answers about the cause of the tramps’ pathologies. Surmises Rhodes to Robin, speaking again with a margin of greater authority than his colleague has the right to:
    I used to suffer from world weariness, but the wall says that too was nothing. I cannot get away from you, though that’s the only thing I want from life, from the whole last ounce of the universe. You also want to get away, but like me, you can’t, and for the same reason. I am your wall, and you are my wall. And the game we tried during the war of mounting each other like dogs in severe heat has not yet been settled. ( p 46)
    The way to healing is to face the traumatic and dissociated feminine aspects of these men’s identities, which lies behind the wall of consciousness.

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  5. Perhaps it is 'the spirit' rather than 'the letter' of Antichrist that ought to be considered in forging a more humanistic ideology than those that are the most de rigueur today.

    Let us have no more separation between what we really know (on the basis of science) and what we claim to know (on the basis of faith). In that way, we will be least like the Paul of the New Testament, making more out of a hallucination than his culturally informed empiricist training warranted.

    An impediment to implementing that ideal as a practical reality on a large social scale remains, all the same. It's not just in our limited prowess in convincing people. There is more to it than that. My view is that we live in a culture -- this present day 20th century culture -- where we are not accustomed to knowing ourselves. Given that our age has embraced Kant's philosophical notion as a basis for avoidance of psychology (for we cannot know "the thing in itself", as postmodernist theorists are prone to teach us), and generally we are too busy to bother to know ourselves anyway, we have a problem. It is this: Since we are generally, as individuals, in no position to claim to know ourselves very much, we are also not in a very strong position to differentiate between what we really know and what we think we know. If we don't know who and what we are, as human beings, and as individuals, we might assume that we know all sorts of things (that we actually do not) since the limits of our knowledge are unknown to us.

    This is why ancient peoples often mistook their dreams or hallucinations of some kind of reality. Our situation in the world today may not be so grave, in terms of the kinds of errors we might make in differentiating what is real from what is not real. We have access to all sorts of artefacts of the sciences and humanities, to help us along with this endeavour of knowing ourselves. Yet we are taught no psychological skills in schools these days, as teachers rely upon operant conditioning, dealing with the students at arms reach, which deprives them of the capacity for internal self-regulation, and in turn, deprives them of useful self-knowledge.

    Due to the cultural conditioning we experience within contemporary society, so many of us assume that self-knowledge is either not desirable or not possible. In workplaces today, "emotionalism" is eschewed. Yet it is common to label anything that one doesn't like or understand as the "emotionalism" of the other person. That which one dislikes, one tries to get rid of, by labeling it thus. The approach of labeling as "emotional" that which one has simply failed to understand (due to lack of adequate training and capacity for reflection) is a moral blight on society today. The cultural enforcement of rigid social conformity (on the basis of psychological blackmail, that not to conform implies an out-of-place emotionalism), is founded on a lack of personal insight into oneself and others. Who are those who suffer from the hallucinations that are projected onto them -- if now those "cultural others": women, blacks, and those of another cultural origin. We claim to know them, when we emotionally resort to labeling them, but what we know is often only a figment of the imagination, a projection of the parts we dislike about ourselves. As a society, we have been sucked into a social mire,which does not differ, as much as we would like to think it does, from a more antiquated and benighted religious consciousness. We think we know the other type of person, but we betray that claim to knowledge when we do not use reason and attempt to investigate the nature of the psychology of the person whom we see as being different from us. Rather, we merely project something onto them, so that we become reason itself -- and they become the disliked parts of our mentality (our unreason).

    The spirit of Nietzsche's Antichrist is heard in the demand that societies and individuals engage in the project of enhancing self-knowledge.


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  6. I haven't had the killer instinct of late, since dealing with the finishing of my autobiography has been rather a masochistic project. It's like Marechera holding the bare threads of his words in his fingers and despondently proclaiming:


    "Look what I have left of it: my life!"

    There is much in this new version of the writing that I had been unwilling to face so directly, before -- so much that doesn't meet with higher standards for human experience, in a way that would give expression to some sense of human purity or transcendence of life such as it was and is. It's hard to express this sense of life's almost totalizing contingency that had me in its grips during the first part of my life -- and which set into place the chain of cause and effect relationships that has effected me until I was 40. There can be moral choices only when there is first knowledge, and secondly various options in place, apart from just one. These options are made accessible by predominating social values and by law. The Australian law that broke the very negative chain of cause and effect for me was that of the rights of a citizen to claim welfare payments. It was this that got me out of a situation of workplace abuse and home place dysfunction, without which, I would not be alive today.

    So now I have knowledge, and despite the sometimes prejudicial or discriminatory attitudes that persist in society, against migrants, and against women, I am learning to recognise, once more, that I have freedom.

    The best I can do is to share this freedom of mine, for however long it lasts. I know too well what it is like to have few clear or apparent options. My gifts are of a minor variety-- and this is what I get back:


    "You are a friend in need and indeed.I just don't know how to thank youenough.Had it not been for you we would be six feet under the ground ."

    It is not impossible to imagine that this state of violence is true in present day Zimbabwe.

    I am inclined to feel very much that only those who have lived through some extremes can imagine what it is like to try to survive the extremes.

    "Here's to wishing yu a happy 2009.We have been weighed and found worthy to enter this blessed year."

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  7. Shamanism is an answer to a lot of people who embrace ‘the natural’ in a superficial way. Embrace horror, randomness and arbitrary pain, if you like. That pertains to what is natural. On the other hand,if you are not one of those who would romanticize "nature", if you have any depth to you at all -- it is very existentially useful to understand the baseline of human experience. For the real shaman-intellectual, it is useful to know that there are certain guiding principles governing our relation to nature and ‘the natural’, but these are not many. Understanding how few these are can actually be very liberating, especially if one is inclined to subscribe to dogmas of any sort.
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  8. I now accept that I must handicap myself in relation to conservatives. When they are talking to me, they are not actually addressing me by any means:  they are addressing the 12 year old (the one I used to be).  Conservatives worship innocence, but hate adult women, who are defined for them in terms of a dangerous sexuality.  They are intent on turning adult women back into children.

    It makes sense that they should panic, believing something nefarious is taking place, when an adult woman introduces a certain amount of irony into  a conversation with a conservative misogynist, as if one were to say:

    "Hey I'm not a 12-year-old any more. LOOK. I am over here. And just begin to pay attention!"

    To the conservative, for whom the twelve year old is all there is, this is like the twelve year old going nuts, going hysterical, showing a mean side. They want the old image back -- the twelve year old who simply listens to what she is told, with measured enthusiasm.

    They don't want the twelve year old that is going nuts. They don't even want the 13-year-old. They demand that reality adapt to conform to their terms. It upsets them deeply when they cannot see what they expect to see, or  that their hallucinations about the world and who is in it are put to question.

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  9. Nietzsche understood correctly that so much of the mass indoctrination into modes of morality is about moving the swamps. In making this judgement, Nietzsche was drawing on his understanding of mass psychology -- that the masses regularly feel a need to release the tensions that come from being squeezed together into a massive conglomeration of human feelings, needs and desires. When the tension starts to build because of the pressures exerted on individual minds in relation to the cause of becoming massively ONE (one state, one national identity, one Führer), another force starts to demand its recompense. It achieves the alleviation of tension through blaming others. "Since I have had to sacrifice so much, in order to become one in mind and heart and soul with my community, others who seem different from me and who may not have suffered as I have, will now also have to suffer."

    Thus the nature of so much of mass morality is to reward oneself for all of the efforts of delayed gratification by going on a psychologically bloodthirsty rampage against outsiders -- those whom, presumably, have not conformed to the programme quite as well as Thou.

    Or maybe the masses vote out one governmental party and put another into power to express their moral indignation.


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  10. In my view, the key characteristic of  someone who is NOT being bourgeois is the ability to be at odds with oneself, or in opposition to oneself. What this implies is that one part of the self is capable opposing another part. Despite proclamations by postmodernists that capitalism has taken all the fun and wind out of transgression, I maintain that there is an overabundance of possible situations in which one can find something within oneself to oppose.

    Without such a characteristic of being capable of opposing oneself, a person simply isn't all that interesting. Lack of self-opposition leads to being dependent on others to judge one fairly. Yet this is an ultimate form of moral abnegation. To be judged by others but never really by oneself means that one travels through life without self-awareness, never really mastering on a deep level one's own ideas, feeling for directions or goals.

    To be self-consciously at odds with oneself is much more interesting and allows character to form.   For instance, one may have a goal to move from one state of being into another.  Unfortunately, in the eyes of  bourgeois individuals, the primary 'things in themselves', (that is, they themselves), are deeply and interminably unknowable.

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