1. (1) Jennifer Armstrong's answer to What is your opinion about Nietzsche views about morality? What would society look like if it were based upon his thought? - Quora

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    Nietzsche was in his own view a moral realist, which means that how society “would look like” is exactly how it does look like, based on his thought.

    This is a little hard to explain briefly, but is is a matter of shifting the perspective.

    If we think of the very traditional idea of a “moral contract”, then we can shift the perspective a bit to a different conceptual basis, which is that we all can, and in fact DO make moral contracts with our environment and with those in it. It’s just that it is possible to do so on either a courageous or a timid/cowardly basis.

    Following on from the logical necessity that we cannot avoid coming to terms with “society” in one way or another, since our implicit reasoning leads us to do so, and in a sense forge our own idea of a “social contract”, it follows that there are two mutually exclusive modes of doing so. (This derives from Nietzsche’s existential perspective, in other words his “realism”.)

    1 Is in emotionally blackmailing others to take one’s needs seriously and to cater to them in a “social” way. The other is to trust in one’s own judgement of other people and their characters and to, in this sense “negotiate” one’s own moral contracts with others on an organic and personal basis. But also to bear the costs if one’s negotiations are inadequate and everything falls through.

    In a way of speaking, these are either the “slave” or “master” mode of morality. But in any case, we all make our implicit choice about which side we are on. And indeed, even those these forms of logic (logic as a system of thought) are in fact mutually exclusive, there is nothing to stop us PRACTICALLY from being a bit syncretic, and choosing a bit of fire and a bit of ice, depending on our situation. (Nietzsche thought that most people in modernity embracing in part a collective and individualistic view of morality — a mix of master and slave morality, in this broad sense.)

    At the same time, Nietzsche wanted us to become more aware about our implicit bases for creating moral contracts with our world. He wanted us to become more courageous and more on the risk taking side than on the side that relied on old moral truisms and implicit psychological threats, to safeguard our state of well-being.

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  2. (2) Jennifer Armstrong's answer to What causes others to perceive a person as being philosophical, even though that person thinks they're speaking normally and not abstractly? - Quora

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    The thing is that language itself is always abstract. That is what language is. It is a means to communicate something that could be visceral or personal, or even rather general by harnessing a bunch of abstractions to perform this task.

    Given that language it itself necessarily and unavoidably abstract, the only way to be assured that one’s meanings are the same as another person’s meanings is on the basis that we have shared (or similar) experiences.

    If my experiences really are very different from yours, I will need to harness a lot more of these volatile abstractions — these words — in order to try to convey the missing baggage of knowledge to your mind. The more I am compelled to make this effort, however, the less likely I am to be “convincing” and I am also to that extent less likely to succeed in putting us on the same level of understanding. (It seems that providing too many words give the impression of “protesting too much”. People like things to be kept simple.)

    Think about how people of the Medieval ages thought about “elephants” , whom most in Europe had never seen. It could be explained to them that these were creatures like a big dog or a a horse with a trumpet instead of a nose. But then the danger is taking a metaphor as something literal — and Medieval portraits of elephants are often just that, they are pictures of a creature with a trumpet for a nose.

    Those who speak of that which others find unexpected or which they have not experienced will, in effect, be conveying ideas and images to the other person’s mind that are not really a good match for what they had been intending to say. It might seem all to “abstract”.

    The medieval elephant was partly horse, partly dog, totally hilarious
    There were some pretty epic works of art made throughout the Middle Ages and especially the Renaissance. But these elephants are not among them.
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  3. (2) Jennifer Armstrong's answer to Do people have different thresholds (tolerance) for what counts as abstract or philosophical? For example is a counselor more likely to percieve something as abstract, even though it is down to earth and quite clear? - Quora

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    I think that in general counselors do not see that some people are getting counseling in order to consolidate their philosophical or existential perspectives and develop a more complex world view.

    Maybe a lot of them see their role as a kind of triage — they are here to help the most desperate and needy, but existential issues are not considered to be part of that package.

    I think, too, there is an implicit bias against women, who are deemed in Western culture to represent “emotion” per se, rather than reason.

    (I take care to say that women represent “emotion”. I did not say that they are “emotional”, but rather in fact that they can be required to take on the role of male emotion, or any other social role requiring emotional expression as the need comes up. This creates a problem with getting one’s personal needs addressed, because

    1. The counselor may not understand that he “emotion” that the client is bringing to the fore is not their own as such, but rather the burden of emotionality placed on them by society. It is this, sometimes excessive or enormous burden that has to be dealt with and alleviated and redressed. You cannot do so by mistaking the social burden for women’s own individual emotions.
    2. Women are not considered in need of building any philosophical world view, so their attempts to do so may be punished, or at least discouraged in the counseling environment. Perhaps the driving need to do this is considered a diversion or escape from the main task of processing one’s emotions — (but once again, “one’s emotions” are not always even one’s own, but are the burden of emotional work put on a person by society. )
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  4. Jennifer Armstrong's answer to Why does 'judging' mean the same thing as 'judgmental'? They used to have different meanings, so that one didn't have recourse to simply saying 'everyone judges' when raising the problem of 'being judgmental'. - Quora

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    The answer, alas, is that there has been a decline in the way that language is used, so that it has lost its richness of meaning in popular forums. Since popular forums on social media guide and determine what is meant when people say things generally, there has been a shift (over several decades) to the meaning of words becoming tied in with popular psychology.

    Try to think of it as two pillars of popular culture that mutually a certain style of meaning. On the one side is the movement away from technical and complex meanings (and indeed away from meanings that derive from higher culture), and on the other side there is the promulgation of popular psychology (which is also divorced for the most part from the complexities of meaning that would stem from higher culture). Both of these together support a “roof” of seeming “common-sense” about things. But anything that is actually more complex, (or denotes a psychological richness that is less common to the majority) can only exist ABOVE this “roof” of common meanings — that is to say, it seems not to exist at all.

    Consequently, if someone make judicious choices, or acts with discernment and “discriminates” between right and wrong, it is easy enough to be misunderstood — especially if one uses the word, “judging”, to describe these actions.

    This question, actually, is very timely, since it only dawned on me this morning the extent to which the general populace has hijacked complex meanings, to try to simplify them in a manner that makes them relate to popular psychology.

    Popular psychology is the simplification of real psychology, just as the popular usages of language amounts to a reduction of complex conceptual thought to something simpler.

    My clue to this phenomenon was from something that I read yesterday, but only understood this morning. It was on Quora where I read that “high pain tolerance” is associated with vulnerability to psychological abuse. Actually, as it happens, I had read something a few years back where somebody had suggested (which seemed contradictory to me) that “high pain tolerance” was correlated with mental illness. I seriously could not make the connection, because in general this is not the case at all, but rather the opposite. But the dots I did not connect at the time was the link to popular culture.

    If one takes a human being and reduces them to what is common in popular psychology, one does not see high pain tolerance as being a feature of success, for instance in the case of a successful athlete or a person who surpasses others in their endurance. This is because popular culture does not cater to these more unusual human beings. It almost cannot conceive of them, in fact. Rather, what it can perceive, or analyze, is the situation of a doormat, who allows others to constantly rub their feet on them. Thus “high pain tolerance”, in the context of popular culture, means “susceptibility to experiencing abuse” — nothing more and nothing less.

    By the same token, “making a judgment” aka “judging” has the meaning, in popular culture, of “being judgmentally abusive”.

    —It is difficult to convey anything about one’s own very different kind of re

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  5. Jennifer Armstrong's answer to How do you cope with the possibility that whatever diagnosis received during therapy could serve as an excuse to not try hard enough to improve yourself? I'm wondering especially about the more analitically oriented people with schizoid adaptations. - Quora

    Why would a person, even if analitically oriented, accept a label about themselves? Because it answers about themselves those questions which actually matter, the painful ones!

    Once again, though, doesn’t it depend on how analytical one really is? I have only ever found labels that were partial explanations for myself — there were always organic parts of me that just didn’t fit the label at all, or were exactly the opposite to it. If one understands the history of labels and labelling, one will also understand that there is necessarily a lot of arbitrary reasoning built in to the labels that we give ourselves and others. And also, just because a label is painful doesn’t make it any the more true.

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  6. Jennifer Armstrong's answer to How will the constitution have been different if the founding fathers read Friedrich Nietzsche? - Quora

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    Well they would probably would have made some blunders, assuming they hadn’t already, because Nietzsche is actually every hard to read unless one has already developed an esoteric mindset. He is trying to get you see the truth about things by casting those things in different lights. But that is very hard to understand, I think, unless (I doubt this is even paradoxical) one has some very, very good and very, very deep theological training.

    And note — for those advanced in reading Nietzsche — the orientation that Nietzsche has to “theology” is not simply and straightforwardly oppositional. Rather, in fact it is the inner training that comes from exposure to theology that is supposed to take us BEYOND and ABOVE theology. But the training itself is indispensable to understanding Nietzsche.

    This is because we need to already have the capacity to think in terms of the inner “truth” of things. (I hesitate to use the terms, “truth” and “essence”, but there is a real sense of grasping both the inner truth and inner essence of things when one reads Nietzsche.)

    So, once again: the works are extremely, extremely esoteric and require this fundamental attunement to the truth values of Christian theology in order to decode them.

    But politics is simpler, more straight-forward comparatively, at least in the manner of making interpretations, which generally boil down to using language in the manner of the populace. It would be hard to really create a political (exoteric) application of Nietzsche’s ideas.

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    Artist, PhD African lit, author, intellectual innovator
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    How will the constitution have been different if the founding fathers read Friedrich Nietzsche?
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    Well they would probably have made some blunders, assuming they didn’t already, because Nietzsche is actually every hard to read unless one has already developed an esoteric mindset. He is trying to get you see the truth about things by casting those things in different lights. But that is very hard to understand, I think, unless (I doubt this is even paradoxical) one has some very, very good and very, very deep theological training.

    And note — for those advanced in reading Nietzsche — the orientation that Nietzsche has to “theology” is not simply and straightforwardly oppositional. Rather, in fact it is the inner training that comes from exposure to theology that is supposed to take us BEYOND and ABOVE theology. But the training itself is indispensable to understanding Nietzsche.

    This is because we need to already have the capacity to think in terms of the inner “truth” of things. (I hesitate to use the terms, “truth” and “essence”, but there is a real sense of grasping both the inner truth and inner essence of things when one reads Nietzsche.

    The works are extremely, extremely esoteric and require this fundamental attunement to the truth values of Christian theology in order to decode them.

    But politics is simpler, more straight-forward comparatively, at least in the manner of making interpretations, which generally boil down to using language in the manner of the populace. It would be hard to really create a political (exoteric) application of Nietzsche’s ideas.

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  8. Susanna Viljanen's answer to Did Nietzsche think that slavery should be allowed? - Quora


    Was he ignorant of game theory?

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    Game theory would not have accorded with Nietzsche’s own morality. He thought that one should do as one wished without calculating the benefits for oneself. It was one’s capacity to draw from an innate source of strength that assured the positive outcome of one’s decisions, not some kind of calculation or appeal to others to behave morally toward one. The “morality” that Nietzsche criticized was that which needed to appeal to others to treat one in a particular way — he didn’t like the dubious rhetorical technique behind this moral attitude, and he didn’t like its implicit emotional blackmail either.

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  9.  Nietzsche cautioned that those who dig around graves dig up diseases for themselves. This is a constant and present danger with psychoanalysis — because the psychological distress suffered by the upper middle-class Viennese of Freud’s time are not necessarily as mild or precisely the same as those brought up within contemporary modernity.

    Since our circumstances, and consequently the structural basis for our illness, is different in quality and variation from Freud’s day, there is a danger that a practitioner who does not understand historical variants and cultural differences would impose a paradigm that no longer relates to us. For instance Polio, Small Pox and the Spanish Flu are dead, but, in psychological terms, one might find a practitioner who thinks that these are still very much living. Minor destructive thought patterns might be misinterpreted as another even of polio (in psychological terms), and the patient may be wrapped in hot and cold compresses in order to assist them with their “illness” — which strangely enough does not exist.

    But in the cases where diseases are psychological, there is the issue of suggestibility and impressionability, when the analyst seems to have the authority to impose meaning in a situation. In this sense, false polio and false small pox can be re-contracted all over again, just because the analyst is too focused on working from a strict paradigm.

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