Well this is an excellent question, and I have long waited for it, because I think this is THE fundamental question for today, since it addresses the issue of contemporary morality.
For, what is, in fact, a “personality disorder”? Like all things with regard to morality, as Nietzsche teaches, there is a division between high and low. (This is one of the most elucidated themes in his volumes entitled WILL TO POWER.)
So, what is a personality disorder? One one level, it would fit the term that Nietzsche used in his own time and context, which is to say that there are people who are “physiologically inhibited”. However, this state of things, Nietzsche thought, was the norm for the majority. So we could look at the case where somebody was physiologically inhibited to a very great degree (more than just the norm) and we could designate that this particular person had “a personality disorder”.
On the opposite side of this conceptual schism, however, is the “higher man”. Now, the “higher man” has another problem entirely than anything that pertains to the norm. The problem is NOT that he (or she) is inhibited in a deep physiological sense, but that he cannot express himself in a way that is related to the norm. Ironically, the key reason behind this may be that such a person is actually the opposite of “physiologically inhibited” — which is to say, “physiologically free” to a large degree. (I hesitate to use the term, “physiologically uninhibited, because of its negative moral connotations, but Nietzsche did say that even “dissipation” would not be destructive, in some instances to the “higher man”..)
Now we need to pay attention to a fundamental mechanism of society, which is the role of psychiatry in regulating what is, or isn’t morally acceptable for a society. Nietzsche is very clear that morality provides systems to keep society “safe”, and that these moral systems are required by the larger portion of society and have every right to exist as such. However, the mechanism of psychiatry has no use for “the higher man” — the one who is capable of managing and controlling his own physiological latitude of action (that looks like something else, that cannot be easily qualified.)
Consequently, the “higher man” is at threat from systems of morality (which today take the form of psychiatric filtering and policing mechanisms).
What can be done about this? Nietzsche says “nothing at all”. The systems of morality (in today’s terms, psychiatry) must remain in place. In fact, it is a wonderful thing that they pose a threat to the “higher man”, who, on their account is likely to remain mis-understood.
The point is to make “the higher man” earn his keep, or rather to keep him on his toes, though the threat of antagonism at all times, such that he learns to dance under the swords of Damocles.
“It is no small advantage to have a hundred swords of Damocles suspended over one: it is only thus that one learns to dance, it is only thus that one attains to any freedom in one’s movements.”
—If he fails, if he makes too much of a misstep, he is likely to be pierced by one of those weapons. He could be diagnosed with a “personality disorder”.
But, let’s keep dancing.
Add a comment